Castration
Castration is the removal (complete excision) of the gonads. The gonads are the organs that produce so-called gametes – sperm in men and egg cells in women. In males (in humans – men) the gonads are the testicles, while in females (in humans – women) the gonads are the ovaries.
Male castration procedure
The male castration procedure – explained above.
Tying (ligation) of the vas deferens
Tying the vas deferens with surgical thread belongs to the older, less effective vasectomy methods. With vas ligation, the need to repeat the procedure due to the return of sperm reached as much as 13%.
Cutting the vas deferens
Cutting the vas deferens is part of most vasectomy variants. The cut is usually accompanied by some form of occlusion (blocking) of these “tubes”. There is also a “vasectomy” method in which the vas is not cut at all, and flow is blocked only from the outside using electrocautery.
Tying the testicles or testicle ligation
“Tying the testicles” is an imprecise term for an element of older vasectomy methods. As with vas ligation mentioned above, its use carries a higher risk of needing to repeat the procedure due to reappearing sperm (up to 13%)
Male sterilisation
Male sterilisation – in the case of vasectomy this term is correct and means permanently (though reversibly) achieving infertility (contraception). Remember that, as with the intrauterine device (coil), there is no guarantee that natural fertility can be restored. That is why vasectomy (male sterilisation) is a method addressed mainly to men who already have children and do not want more.
Vasectomy in women
Vasectomy in women – no such thing exists. The equivalent of vasectomy (which literally means excision of the vas deferens) would be removal of the fallopian tubes. In women, as in men, occlusion (“blocking”) of the “tubes” through which the eggs travel is used instead.
Vasectomy as a new method of contraception
Vasectomy as a new method of contraception – in Poland, yes; it has recently been growing in popularity. This is the result of changing social norms and Polish women freeing themselves from male dominance. In countries where women’s equality is real, vasectomy is very popular and is not a new method of contraception there. In developing countries, vasectomy is performed very rarely.
Male vasectomy
“Male vasectomy” is a tautology. The vas (deferens) exists only in men, so there is no need to specify in whom.